For the survival of humans, animals industries and agricultural sector, fresh water has always been a vital commodity. With the increase in each of the above factors makes an increase in its supply in the future important. As it is becoming a scarce commodity. There are various seawater technologies that have come up which aided significantly in achieving the objective.
Marine water comprises a whole 97% of the aqua storage on earth. This is followed by the glaciers which make up only 2% of the summation. Surprisingly only 0.5% is the one available for humanity use. This is sourced from inland aqua bodies. Sea aqua being not suitable for domestic and industrial human use has made desalination quite a vital means of providing another source of fresh water.
This process entails separation of sea water to two streams. Fresh one with very small concentration of salts dissolved and one with highly concentrated brime. Various forms of energy are required for the success and thereby emergence of different innovations. Different technologies based on different means of achieving this. But not all have a potential future. The MSF, RO and MED have been prophesied to be the dominant means although currently MSF and RO are the widely used.
Multiple stage flash distillation. One of the methods of desalination. It is built on flash evaporation principle. Where evaporation is induced by reduction of pressure instead of increasing of temperature. Its economic advantage is through the regenerative heating. Where the resource gives up its heat to its counterpart on every flash chamber it goes through.
Another form of distillation in the multiple effect, also the MED. Is considered very efficient thermodynamically. It occurs through a series of evaporators known as effects. And applies the principle of lowering the pressure in the different effects. Its economic level is dependent on the number of effects. There are different tubes used. Some submerged, horizontal and others vertical. Has been applied in the Middle East. Its utilization is still low as compare to the MSF but gradually increasing.
Another technology used is the vapor compression distillation. Here the heating of marine aqua comes from the compression of vapor. The vcd plant takes advantage of principle of reducing the boiling point temperature by reducing pressure. Two methods are used to condense vapor, a mechanical compressor that helps to produce enough heat to vaporize incoming sea water and a steam jet that works the same. This process is normally used for small scale desalination units.
RO, also known as reverse osmosis, is highly used. Where osmotic pressure is overcome through application of outer pressure which is more compared with the sea water osmotic pressure. It therefore flows in reverse direction in respect to direction of the natural flow. Dissolved salts are left behind as it concentration increases. Previous development have come up in aiding the reduction of cost operation of RO plants. They include development of efficient membranes that also last longer and energy recover devices.
There are many other innovations being used in desalination. Others include freezing, solar evaporation and potabilization. But they tend not to be commonly used as compared to the rest.
Marine water comprises a whole 97% of the aqua storage on earth. This is followed by the glaciers which make up only 2% of the summation. Surprisingly only 0.5% is the one available for humanity use. This is sourced from inland aqua bodies. Sea aqua being not suitable for domestic and industrial human use has made desalination quite a vital means of providing another source of fresh water.
This process entails separation of sea water to two streams. Fresh one with very small concentration of salts dissolved and one with highly concentrated brime. Various forms of energy are required for the success and thereby emergence of different innovations. Different technologies based on different means of achieving this. But not all have a potential future. The MSF, RO and MED have been prophesied to be the dominant means although currently MSF and RO are the widely used.
Multiple stage flash distillation. One of the methods of desalination. It is built on flash evaporation principle. Where evaporation is induced by reduction of pressure instead of increasing of temperature. Its economic advantage is through the regenerative heating. Where the resource gives up its heat to its counterpart on every flash chamber it goes through.
Another form of distillation in the multiple effect, also the MED. Is considered very efficient thermodynamically. It occurs through a series of evaporators known as effects. And applies the principle of lowering the pressure in the different effects. Its economic level is dependent on the number of effects. There are different tubes used. Some submerged, horizontal and others vertical. Has been applied in the Middle East. Its utilization is still low as compare to the MSF but gradually increasing.
Another technology used is the vapor compression distillation. Here the heating of marine aqua comes from the compression of vapor. The vcd plant takes advantage of principle of reducing the boiling point temperature by reducing pressure. Two methods are used to condense vapor, a mechanical compressor that helps to produce enough heat to vaporize incoming sea water and a steam jet that works the same. This process is normally used for small scale desalination units.
RO, also known as reverse osmosis, is highly used. Where osmotic pressure is overcome through application of outer pressure which is more compared with the sea water osmotic pressure. It therefore flows in reverse direction in respect to direction of the natural flow. Dissolved salts are left behind as it concentration increases. Previous development have come up in aiding the reduction of cost operation of RO plants. They include development of efficient membranes that also last longer and energy recover devices.
There are many other innovations being used in desalination. Others include freezing, solar evaporation and potabilization. But they tend not to be commonly used as compared to the rest.
No comments:
Post a Comment