The most well known copper mining area in Europe is that of Mitterberg in Salzburg. There was in late 2nd millennium BC. Chr. 32 mines. Calculations showed that this same 200 miners, steel workers and support staff must have served. Dissolving the ore from the pit wall by the rock was heated and quenched with water. The Bronze Age shafts were up to 100 m long (mine surveys). The chalcopyrite ore was succeeded in carrying baskets from the mine. For ventilation shafts ensured that linked the superposed studs together. Ladders made of tree trunks with tread grooves allowed the miners access to tunnel.
When mining is called the exploration, development, extraction and processing of minerals from the earth's crust under utilization of technical equipment and tools. According to modern comprehensive definition of this concept for mining include the required Surveying, mine management tasks (ventilation and drainage), social security systems (miners' banks), special schools (for example, mining academies) and mining supervision authorities.
There are over and underground mining method for solid, liquid and gaseous materials. Mining activities are regulated worldwide in respective mining law within national legislation. The degraded natural resources are located in a reservoir, the extent and location is now usually investigated by geophysical exploration.
There are two basic legal concepts and conflict resolution mechanisms in terms of local ownership of natural resources: the principle of mountain shelf and / or mountain freedom. The raw materials are decoupled from real property. The mineral resources are claimed by either the rulers (Bergregal) or State (State of title) and can be given, or they are considered abandoned, with a title tom but produced only by state ceremony.
In mining industry is basically governed by the Federal Mining Act, similar legislation in other countries. The public authority is transferred regulatory control, ie mining office in Austria Mining Authority. In Switzerland, the mining law jurisdiction is at theThe oldest form of raw materials, which is referred to as mining, goes back to occasional use of flint deposits in Stone Age. Small working teams went for a few days flint mines to win a raw material for the manufacture of equipment.
The mining industry is facing new challenges of profitability and sustainability, that goes beyond the field of environment and mitigation. Social demand porte including aesthetics and landscape ecology, reduction of pollution and its effects, good management and mining wasteland. It is the source of production of many capital goods and consumption. In this, the companies that control this activity plays a significant role in global economy. In 2007, the largest companies of this industry is BHP Billiton.
Environmental and economic upheavals by means of mines are occupied early. From Middle Ages to modern times it has a lot of customers from so-called "silver rush". Halden and smelting in vicinity of mines resulted in Middle Ages to emergence of a Galmeiflora and heavy metal lawn.
The prehistoric miners teuften up to 15 m from deep shafts in flint-bearing strata, and constructed routes. As tools Hoes antler and stone were used. In Obourg in Belgium abortive prehistoric miner was found with his equipment. The great need of civilizations of Middle East in metals is revealed early on also from European mines, which were probably developed by prospectors. Copper mines in Bulgaria and Yugoslavia were dated by pottery in 4th millennium BC (v. Chr.). In Rudna Glava (Serbia) vertical shafts penetrate 25 meters deep into mountain.
When mining is called the exploration, development, extraction and processing of minerals from the earth's crust under utilization of technical equipment and tools. According to modern comprehensive definition of this concept for mining include the required Surveying, mine management tasks (ventilation and drainage), social security systems (miners' banks), special schools (for example, mining academies) and mining supervision authorities.
There are over and underground mining method for solid, liquid and gaseous materials. Mining activities are regulated worldwide in respective mining law within national legislation. The degraded natural resources are located in a reservoir, the extent and location is now usually investigated by geophysical exploration.
There are two basic legal concepts and conflict resolution mechanisms in terms of local ownership of natural resources: the principle of mountain shelf and / or mountain freedom. The raw materials are decoupled from real property. The mineral resources are claimed by either the rulers (Bergregal) or State (State of title) and can be given, or they are considered abandoned, with a title tom but produced only by state ceremony.
In mining industry is basically governed by the Federal Mining Act, similar legislation in other countries. The public authority is transferred regulatory control, ie mining office in Austria Mining Authority. In Switzerland, the mining law jurisdiction is at theThe oldest form of raw materials, which is referred to as mining, goes back to occasional use of flint deposits in Stone Age. Small working teams went for a few days flint mines to win a raw material for the manufacture of equipment.
The mining industry is facing new challenges of profitability and sustainability, that goes beyond the field of environment and mitigation. Social demand porte including aesthetics and landscape ecology, reduction of pollution and its effects, good management and mining wasteland. It is the source of production of many capital goods and consumption. In this, the companies that control this activity plays a significant role in global economy. In 2007, the largest companies of this industry is BHP Billiton.
Environmental and economic upheavals by means of mines are occupied early. From Middle Ages to modern times it has a lot of customers from so-called "silver rush". Halden and smelting in vicinity of mines resulted in Middle Ages to emergence of a Galmeiflora and heavy metal lawn.
The prehistoric miners teuften up to 15 m from deep shafts in flint-bearing strata, and constructed routes. As tools Hoes antler and stone were used. In Obourg in Belgium abortive prehistoric miner was found with his equipment. The great need of civilizations of Middle East in metals is revealed early on also from European mines, which were probably developed by prospectors. Copper mines in Bulgaria and Yugoslavia were dated by pottery in 4th millennium BC (v. Chr.). In Rudna Glava (Serbia) vertical shafts penetrate 25 meters deep into mountain.
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